Using the Spanish Verb Tocar

Financial Statement Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fiscal report Analysis - Research Paper Example 2.1.1 Which three (3) resources are generally critical to the organization? Utilizing the notes to the budget reports, talk about the bookkeeping strategies used to esteem resources. What method(s) do the organizations use to esteem stock? What devaluation method(s) do the organizations use to esteem property, plant and gear? How are records of sales esteemed? The most noteworthy resources of Home in 2010 included product stock, Property and hardware and other current resources establishing about 26%, 62% and 3% of the all out resources individually. Contrasted with 2009, the most noteworthy were stock, Property and gear and other current resources establishing about 25%, 63% and 3% of the all out resources separately. The organizations seem to have inventories and property as top two most huge resources for the two years and this ought to depict the idea of the business that they are in. The three most noteworthy resources of Lowe for 2010 would incorporate product stock, Property and long haul speculation establishing about 24.7%, 65.5 and 3% of the absolute resources individually. Contrasted with 2009, the most noteworthy were stock, Property and money and money reciprocals comprising about 25%, 68.2 and 1.9% of the absolute resources individually. For Home terminal then again, Trouble organization esteem their stock utilizing lower of cost or market under first in first out (FIFO) premise. The two organizations utilized the straight-line devaluation technique Receivables are esteemed by the two organizations utilizing reasonable worth. The three of the most huge liabilities to HD incorporate the accompanying: Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Long-term Debt. For HD There have been no huge change to liabilities from 2009 to 2010 aside from on conceded charge which diminished by 15%. The three of the most noteworthy liabilities to LOW incorporate the accompanying:

Essential Tips on Scholarship Essay Writing

Essential Tips on Scholarship Essay Writing Do you want to be sure that your grant will come to you after presenting the application composition? To achieve this, you would better to follow our advice as we give the most successful and forceful prompts. A perfect scholarship essay is almost the crucial factor in consideration your candidacy for the grant, thats why you need to put lots of effort to make the committee have an interest in you. How to Write a Scholarship Essay? The first thing to start is to get acquainted with the target audience, to learn more about the selection criteria and to look through the works which have already won the grant. Next is to know yourself better, evaluate your advantages and disadvantages and search for peculiarities of your character which can attract the committee the most. Writing an excellent scholarship essay implies that your work should be coherent, outstanding and follow given formatting standards. Because, if you do not edit your paper correctly it can almost ruin all your dreams as your sloppy manner of writing can describe you as a lazy, aimless, and disorganized person. Is such a student worth a grant? The answer is obvious â€" he or she does not deserve it! The good understanding of the selection criteria may be rather profitable. In such way, you can find the key factor which fits you the most and focuses on it. The major part of colleges and universities have the similar criteria (for some exceptions of the elite establishments). All the decisions of the judges are based on the objective evaluation and nothing more. The preference is given to the students in need with high scores, and those, who has worked for it for a long time. Your statements must, above all, show that you are an ambitious person doing his or her best to make the world better. The purpose of your application to the grant have to be the front boner. How to write a college scholarship essay question should appear in your mind before the application form is filled and the terms are short. The planning your scholarship achieving well ahead of the action allows you to prepare for the issue without hurry and stress. Thus, you will find the most fitting problem and learn your advantages and disadvantages. There will be time for you to understand the notion of the central theme in full and to search for lexical means and phrases to use in your paper. The language of the article must be simple for reading and coherent, but the excessive use of the same use may lead to stylistic battology. That will spoil every type of writing and push the committee off. Fill your paper with the keywords to indicate the purposes of the work clearly. Making Your Essay Passionate In fact, the person who writes the article is the object of the consideration, so the introduction to your character will bring a lot of humanity and will draw your actual picture. Writing only the facts and results of actions are is just the necessary data which does not show what kind of person you are. Explain the purposes of the action and describe your feeling and emotions. If, for example, you work in an orphan asylum, illustrate the childrens attitude to the process their reaction and how do your deeds help them. Give the reason to the question why do you need to get a grant and why is it so important for these children. Also, you may mention which obstacles you have faced on the path to the set goal. How did they change you and what did you learn from them? Describe the way of overcoming the problems and solutions to them that will show your ability to cope with difficulties which describe you as a strong, purposeful person. Committee loves it so much! The Eight Prompts to Compose the Winning Scholarship Essay We give you the general meaning, aims, and criteria to write your important work and it is time to expose you the practical advice to composing such kind of works. We collect eight useful tips to editing and writing your article: Find the helpful words and phrases to enrich your paper Give relevant information and backgrounds related to you and your occupation. It will be useful to look through the website information of the university or college to which you apply for the grant. Find the keywords and statements which describe their mission and use it in your work. Write about all your prizes, awards and educational goals which you have ever received. Draw an outline of your article. It can be similar to standard essay format, for instance: introduction, body, and conclusion. An introduction gives the primary purpose of applying and some background information. The body consists of the general facts about your achievements and present occupation area. The goals and objectives to get a grant are to be included in this part too. The conclusion summarizing the facts and the ideas together and bring the real necessity of getting the scholarship by your candidacy one more time.

A Common Social Theme Of History - 1386 Words

A common social theme of history is the constant battle of equal rights for both men and women. Ever since the development of the first agricultural societies during the BC times, people have been living in a society where paternalism and patriarchy dominated; men are always at the top of the social hierarchy. Men were always the leaders, the priests, the ones who decide what was right and what was wrong. Women have battled for equality with their male counterparts ever since then. They have fought for their right to vote. They have fought for their right to speak at religious liturgies. They have fought for their right to equal job and educational opportunities. Social equality between men and women will always be a never-ending†¦show more content†¦Yet, many have discovered that women can perform just as well as men. After serving in battle and demonstrating noteworthy acts of bravery and performance under enemy fire, women have been earning Combat Action Badges. Tw o women—Sergeant Leigh Ann Hester and Specialist Monica Lin Brown—have received Silver Stars, one of the highest military decorations a person can receive (Mackenzie). These women have been doing extraordinary work in the field, explaining why they received such a high symbol of military respect. Their â€Å"lack of strength† does not inhibit their mentality and physicality to do whatever they need to do to protect their country. Also, females who do enlist are generally more fit than the average woman (Mackenzie). This is a common fallacy in the argument of those who say women are not as fit as men and therefore are not as capable: they base their assumptions on the ability of the average women while remaining oblivious to the ability of those who actually enlist. Militaries across the world have found that with proper training, women can complete the same tasks as men that require strength that many seem to say women lack (Mackenzie). During the Gulf Wa r, about 400,000 female soldiers fought and did not fail because of a lack of upper body strength (Quindlen). Rather, 33,000 of those females directed artillery, flew planes, and served in construction squadsShow MoreRelatedNat Books Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesComplete list of NCERT books for IAS NCERT course readings are a decent source and prologue to themes in IAS prelims. Little ponder at that point, many instructing classes and hopefuls prescribe NCERT reading material to new applicants who are recently beginning their planning. Be that as it may, the inquiry I get regularly is would it be advisable for you to allude All NCERT course books and for All subjects? The response to both is No. You need to peruse some NCERT reading material for a few subjectsRead MoreA Study Of Latin American History1308 Words   |  6 PagesIV. Methodologies and trends Caribbean Many often consider the study of Latin American history or subjects like race to show that Much of Latin American historical studies are comparative. Many of the Latin American countries have their own history but share similar cultural conductions concerning race. The history of race relations in Latin America has become a central theme in a fair amount of scholarly activities. This in turn has made the historiography of Latin America to become much more relevantRead MoreJohn Ford’s acclaimed film The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962) is well-known among cinema buffs800 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause it sheds light on the theme of the film, which is that of the American identity. What Ford articulates in the film is a vision of the American character that is rooted in the heritage of the Old West and in the doctrines of freedom and liberty that underlie the founding of America as a nation. In many ways, the film traces a cynical evolution from the earliest days of the fron tier, symbolizing self-reliance and individuality, and the modern era of media and social conformity. The reason thatRead MoreGreek Mythology Of Ancient Greece1551 Words   |  7 Pagesthese myths, one may notice gender and sexual behavior to be themes that occur quite frequently. One also cannot help but notice that some social conditions in Ancient Greece, such as the importance of beauty, the treatment of women, and beast-like sexual behavior, revolved around sex and gender. It is because of the use of gender and sexual behavior in highly influential Greek myths that we see the development of some Ancient Grecian social conditions. Greeks myths were influential on Greek societyRead MoreThe Song Glory, By Music Artists Common And John Legend1653 Words   |  7 PagesThe song Glory was written by music artists Common and John Legend and was part of the Oscar nominated movie Selma. The movie Selma was an incredible experience that showcased the African American history and in particular the turbulent 1960s era in which Dr. Martin Luther King Jr(MLK) was leading the civil rights movement. The song Glory itself won the oscar for the best song in a motion picture and truly was an important part of the movie because not only did it chronicle the civil rights marchesRead More Chapter One of Persuasion by Jane Austen Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pageshighly economic narrative style, which celebrates Austen’s success as a novelist. Austen’s narrative style is so successful in chapter one of Persuasion as many of the characters are introduced to the reader along with the majority of the main themes which concern them in the novel. Austen clearly underlines that she is writing with a novelist’s voice, using traditional conventions of third person with past tense. This first hint of Austen’s narration style is shown in chapter one and reappears Read MoreCulture Is A Way Of Life1033 Words   |  5 Pagesculture, a common definition is that culture is a way of life. The way of life, however, holds a very general and unspecific meaning, and thus it is only an accurate description to encompass the basic idea of culture in a worldwide sense. A culture is made up of the people within it, and their interactions with each other and the society around them. It is these interactions that resulted in ideas such as art, history, tradition, and science, along with a range of others. The study of the history of cultureRead MoreRacial, Ethnic And Economic Isolation Through Curriculum Based Programming Essay1559 Words   |  7 PagesThe most common effort to reduce racial, ethnic and economic isolation through curriculum-based programming involved efforts to promote tolerance and respect. Twenty-nine hyper-segregated elementary schools described character devel opment programming designed to eliminate bullying and mean behavior. The following excerpt from the narrative provided by Farmingville Elementary School in Ridgefield, Connecticut is a representative sample of this type of programming: Farmingville students participateRead MoreThe Language Of Imagery In George DrowBy George Doctorow794 Words   |  4 Pageswhich is popular in journalism, however, seems to contradict his style of writing which uses both history and fiction which is ironical. Repetition is also a common element in the novel to give an allure of the recurring element of history. The author also uses a vivid description of the characters in the novel allowing us into the struggles of each of them. Climax, conflict and denouement are also common styles in the novel. The characters seem to disagree on the proper cause of action following theRead MoreThe Shanghai Girl ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ Is The Chinese American Writer1401 Words   |  6 Pages《Shanghai Girls》 is the Chinese-American writer, Lisa See published in 2009. In this novel, the theme of the novel is often interpreted as describing her emotions. About her life in China and the United States, with plenty of space describes the life of Chinese immigrants and her mentality, and appearing the homesick theme of the novel. This article focus on China s Shanghai, Angel Island in United States and Los Angeles, those three places for basic point. And show the protagonist pearl and May

The Civil Rights Movement During The 1960 S - 1368 Words

The American South in the 1960 s and Ancient Thebes both had a rigid social and legal system that did not effectively and legitimately represent the majority of its citizens. In both eras, an antihero rose up to defy the establish system. Dr. King, in the 1960 s, protested unjust laws and was jailed and viewed as an antagonist. Similarly, in Ancient Thebes, Antigone is sentenced to death for doing what she believes is right, regardless of the law. If Dr. King failed, he stood to lose, in addition to his life, his reputation as someone who wanted true change for all African Americans. Furthermore, future generations of colored people would have to endure the same injustice that he was protesting against. Also, if his nonviolent ways failed there were people ready to take the civil rights movement in a violent direction. If Antigone s defiance had failed, her brother will never find peace in the afterlife, and Thebes will never find unity and solace after its civil war. Additionally, s he too could lose her life for her outward defiance. Therefore, both Dr. King s nonviolent resistance, along with writing his letter from Birmingham Jail, and Antigone s violation of Kreon s edict are justified by what they stood to lose if they did not take their respective actions. Dr. King choose to address more than just his dissenters in Letter From Birmingham Jail; he decided to speak to all people from all times, in an open letter. The physical action of writing theShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Rights Movement During The 1960 S1224 Words   |  5 Pagespositive and negative effects on the people of the US.   During the 1960’s there were a lot of changes and one of these major changes was know as The Civil Rights Movement.   The civil rights movement was a movement created by African Americans to achieve rights equal to white people and have equal opportunity in housing, employment, education, the right to vote, and to not be segregated.   This movement had many imp ortant leaders that helped get rights for African Americans.   The book â€Å"Tambourines To Glory†Read More Students and the Civil Rights Movement During the 1960s Essay1036 Words   |  5 Pages The 1960s was a decade of tremendous social and political upheaval. In the United States, many movements occurred by groups of people seeking to make positive changes in society. During this decade, the Civil Rights movement continued to gain momentum. The black community was continually persecuted and discriminated against by prejudice white individuals and figures of authority. Blacks everywhere struggled to end discrimination. They demanded the right to vote, to receiveRead MoreRacial Segregation During The 1960 s Civil Rights Movement Essay2048 Words   |  9 PagesA primary technique used to overcome racial segregation during the 1960’s Civil Rights Movement in the United States was direct action. One of the most influential leaders of the Civil Rights Movement was Martin Luther King Junior who is known for his use of nonviolent direct action, which often entailed the violation of laws as an act of civil disobedience. On April 16, 1963, King composed his â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail,† where he accepted the consequences for his disobedience against the BirminghamRead MoreSocial Changes During The 1960 S1254 Words   |  6 Pa gesThe 1960’s was a decade filled with change in the existing conditions of the social, political, and economic spectrums. These social changes involved challenges to the conservative status quo of the time. Parts that contributed to this social revolution were new developments in the Feminist Movement, the Civil Rights Movement, and a rebellious counterculture. The political changes of this time period were embodied by the continuation and extension of the Vietnam War, new laws pertaining to civil rightsRead MoreReasons For The Civil Rights Movement1436 Words   |  6 PagesWhen did the Civil Rights Movement begin in earnest in Buffalo? The Civil Rights Movement In Buffalo was weak and many people were quiet and conservative. It was less a Movement than a group of scattered individuals, primarily black and Jewish. This Civil Rights Movement happened in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s. Some people believed that this movement began in Western New York. African Americans faced many social problems during this time period, which demonstrated the significance of organizingRead MoreA Brief Note On The Civil Rights Movement1745 Words   |  7 Pageshistories are movements that came about to change the way certain people were being treated. What caused the Civil Rights Movement to slow and splinter in the mid-to-late 1960s? One movement, in particular, is the Civil Rights Movement, this movement, in summary, is about reach equality for the black community and stop separation from having certain opportunities as whites did. I want to walk through the ins and outs of the slow and splinter of the Civil Rights Movement in the mid-to-late 1960s. From theRead MoreThe African American Civil Right Movement1040 Words   |  5 PagesThe African American Civil right movement in the late 1950’s and throughout the 1960’s was a powerful fight for equal opportunities to the basic rights and privileges outlined by the US government. During this movement thousands of African American individuals and those who believed in the power of the movement, battled against the piercing white supremacy through various tactics including grass root movements. The grass root movements in the 60’s was characterized by organizations of individualsRead MoreEssay about Frq Analysis1138 Words   |  5 PagesRuhani Malik Period 4 1960’s HW FRQ Questions Due by April 26-27, 2012 Be sure to provide a strong and specific thesis statement with a nice introduction to your essay. Also be sure to provide names, dates, book titles, court cases, statistics and any and all other relevant facts you can think of to support your answer. Staple this sheet to the front of your essay and be sure to follow the formatting rules discussed for previous FRQ’s. 1. With respect to THREE of the following,Read MoreThe 1950s and 1960s: A Time of Great Changes Shaping the America We Have Today1006 Words   |  5 PagesWhen most people think of the 1950’s or 1960’s, they think of Elvis, Greasers, jukeboxes, Woodstock, and rainbow peace signs and hippie love. Although these symbols are somewhat accurate (and very popular), not many people think about the changes society and culture went through. The 1950’s and 60’s were a time of great change and freedom for many Americans. Everything from World War II, to the gay liberation movement, to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped to change society. Many of the viewsRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of The United States1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe civil rights movement in the USA in the 1950’s and 1960’s.can be termed as a democratic movement. The basic reason behind this was the discrimination of the African-Americans that were enslaved and did not hav e citizen rights. The African-Americans protested greatly against their injustice. The birth of the civil rights movement was before the 1954 Supreme Court’s decision on Brown versus Board of Education (Topeka) which stated that separate but equal schools was against the Constitution. From

Succubus Revealed Chapter 21 Free Essays

You would think the first moments of my new life, with a soul, would be magical and wonderful. Mostly, they just hurt. â€Å"Ow. We will write a custom essay sample on Succubus Revealed Chapter 21 or any similar topic only for you Order Now † â€Å"Not quite the same without immortal healing, eh, sweetie?† I squinted into Hugh’s grinning face. He stood in front of a huge window, backlit into blinding radiance. Turning my head, I slowly assessed the rest of my surroundings, taking in the familiar signs of a hospital room. I was lying on a bed, an IV in my arm, next to some beeping machines with indecipherable readouts. I glanced back at Hugh. â€Å"Can you close the curtains? Or move to the other side of me?† He shut the curtains partway, still keeping the room lit but no longer to eye-searing levels. â€Å"Better?† â€Å"Yeah. Thanks.† I shifted slightly, trying to assess my body’s injuries. There was soreness in my ribs, a feeling of constriction when I breathed. Part of that was from whatever hurt they’d sustained and the rest was from the bandages tightly wrapped around my torso. All the better to keep me from making things worse, I supposed. â€Å"How . . . how long have I been in here?† Recent events were still kind of a blur. In some ways, the trial felt like it had happen seconds ago. Yet it also had the dreamlike quality of something that had occurred last century. It was hard to wrap my mind around. â€Å"Well,† said Hugh, â€Å"your body’s been here for about four days. ‘You’ on the other hand . . . oh, you came back to us about two days ago.† â€Å"You could tell?† I said. His smile grew wry. â€Å"You forget what I do for a living. When you were in Hell, you didn’t have a soul.† â€Å"I didn’t have a soul before then,† I pointed out. â€Å"I mean, technically it belonged to Hell, right?† â€Å"Yes, but even if you don’t own it, you still possess it. You can’t function or exist without it. Our souls are like . . . oh, I don’t know. It’s like they’re encased in amber. They’re there, and I can see them inside us. They’re just inaccessible, in a way that’s different from humans. When you were gone, you had nothing. Not even a tagged soul. There was just kind of a . . . hollow darkness within you while you lay here.† I shivered, not liking the image. â€Å"And now?† â€Å"And now?† Hugh’s face softened, taking on a look of wonder that I’d never before seen on the usually gruff and snide imp. â€Å"Oh, sweetie. When you came back, I was here . . . and it was like . . . fuck, I don’t know. I’m terrible at similes. It was like the sun, after an eclipse. You think that’s bright?† He nodded toward the window. â€Å"That’s nothing. You have your soul back, unfettered and unrestrained . . . and it’s amazing. It’s beautiful, so beautiful. I’ve never seen anything like it.† â€Å"Is it . . . is it tainted? I mean, I’ve done things . . .† â€Å"You get it back shiny and new. That’s in clause 13.2.1. It’s a sign of how confident Hell is about never having to give souls back. Don’t worry,† he added. A goofy grin had started to spread over my face. â€Å"Even the best people have a few screwups. You’ll break your soul in in no time. It’s like a car. Loses its value when you drive it off the lot.† â€Å"Just hopefully not to the same degree as before,† I muttered. A new, panicked thought came to me. I was pretty confident of the answer, but I had to ask. â€Å"And my body? Which one is it?† â€Å"The same Georgina we all know and love. There are also stipulations about that, for succubi freed of their contracts. It would get messy giving you back your original body and figuring out what to do with you as far as location and time. So, you’re simply reinstated with your soul into whatever body and location you were last in.† He paused. â€Å"I’m fairly certain it’s never happened to any succubus before.† â€Å"Thank goodness I wasn’t in the kind of body Tawny was when Jerome was summoned,† I remarked. She had been wearing a truly horrendous shape, but since we were all cut from our powers until Jerome’s restoration, she’d been stuck in it. Although, to be honest, if it meant having my own soul, I would’ve taken that body. I would’ve taken my original body. I would’ve taken anything. The physical trappings were nothing. â€Å"Carter gave us a recap,† Hugh said. He shook his head, smiling. â€Å"I can’t believe you gambled on both contracts. I would’ve run off with the sure thing.† â€Å"I couldn’t,† I said, thinking back to the events of the courtroom. â€Å"Even if he hates me, I couldn’t abandon Seth. I couldn’t have enjoyed the rest of my life, knowing he was damned.† â€Å"He doesn’t hate you.† â€Å"But he – â€Å" â€Å"I know, I know.† Hugh wouldn’t let me finish. â€Å"I know what he said, but he was still in the throes of grief from that fucked-up hypnosis. That was too much for anyone to handle. Carter talked to him when you got back – explained what happened.† My heart lurched. Was that a good or bad thing? I was beginning to gain some glimpse of just how invested Carter had been in my situation (and Seth’s), but had the angel really been able to fix everything so easily? â€Å"Did . . . did Carter change Seth’s mind about me or something ?† Hugh shrugged. â€Å"I don’t think he needed to. If things hadn’t panned out like they had that night – with the car – I think you and Seth would’ve had a very interesting conversation. I think he’d started to come around. It’s why he was there.† â€Å"No,† I said, disbelieving. â€Å"I talked to him, sweetie. Do you really think all that love could have just been thrown away so easily? And he was here, you know. He was by your bedside until . . . well, yesterday, actually. Then he had to leave for his tour.† â€Å"His tour . . .† I vaguely remembered Andrea mentioning that, how it had become a possibility with her recovery. Speaking of Andrea . . . if my contract was off the table, Hell would have no reason to continue messing with her. She could be left in peace to heal on her own. â€Å"He went yesterday?† â€Å"Somewhere on the East Coast,† said Hugh. â€Å"I’m sure you can find it on his Web site. You were the one who always encouraged him to update it, after all.† I smiled at that, thinking of how reluctant Seth had been about the digital age. I gestured vaguely at my prone body. â€Å"Probably just as well that he’s gone. I need to heal up. Maybe . . . maybe we’ll talk when he’s back.† Hugh eyed me, staying silent. â€Å"What?† I demanded. â€Å"He’s going to be gone two weeks,† said Hugh. â€Å"That much I know. You sure you want to wait that long?† â€Å"I’ve waited a long time already,† I pointed out dryly. â€Å"Exactly my point. Look, I don’t have any delusions about my soul. I made my choice and am content with fate. But if I were you? If I had my soul and the potential for a new life? Fuck, Georgina. I’d go after Seth, wherever he is, the instant I could hobble out of my bed. You’re mortal now. It’s easy to ‘wait a little longer’ when you’ve got all of eternity on the line. You don’t anymore. You’ve wasted the time you have playing Hell’s games, bickering back and forth with Seth and who he’s been. End it. Go to him, as soon as you can, and fix this.† â€Å"You sound like Roman.† As soon as I said his name, a million memories came crashing down on me. â€Å"Oh my God. Roman. I can’t believe what he did.† â€Å"I know,† said Hugh sadly. â€Å"Carter told us that too.† â€Å"Why would he do that?† I asked, knowing I’d never have a satisfactory answer. â€Å"Oh Lord, Hugh. I left him there. I abandoned him.† â€Å"You did no such thing,† scolded Hugh. â€Å"You had no choice in it. And it’s not like he was conned or tricked. He knew for a long time he wanted to do this. After we filed the petition, he grilled me constantly about contract details and Hell’s legal procedures. He wanted to do this. He prepared for it. He was just waiting for the chance.† I squeezed my eyes shut, afraid I would cry, as I remembered him defending me in Hell. A vague memory came to me, the night before the game. . . . Roman had had something to tell me but had held off. And when I’d floated above my body, just before I’d faded away, Carter had said he had to go get Roman. They’d planned on all of this. Roman had known what was happening and had been ready to depart. Hugh was right. Roman had wanted this. That didn’t make it any easier. I opened my eyes. â€Å"What do I do?† Hugh’s face was kind as he regarded me. â€Å"Don’t make Roman’s sacrifice be in vain. He wanted you to be happy. So go be happy, sweetie. Go to Seth.† Any response I might make was interrupted when a nurse came and discovered I was conscious. She scolded Hugh for not getting her and went to summon the doctor. Hugh gave me a sheepish look as she did. It was a carryover from being immortal, when I would’ve healed so fast that we could easily dismiss modern medicine’s assistance. The doctor, a fortysomething woman named Dr. Addison, soon appeared and performed a few preliminary tests on me, as well as giving me the rundown on my condition. When she was finished, I asked, â€Å"How long do you think I’ll be here?† â€Å"If everything progresses like it should?† she mused. â€Å"I’d say you can be discharged in three more days. And you’re going to have to take it easy.† â€Å"Three more days,† I repeated mournfully. Being human was going to take some getting used to. As a succubus, I would’ve recovered from this in twenty-four hours. There wouldn’t have even been any taking it easy afterward. Dr. Addison scoffed at my dismay. â€Å"Honestly, after getting hit like you did, a week total here isn’t bad at all. You took some nasty hits, but really, this could’ve been a lot worse.† When she and the nurse left, I saw Hugh scanning his phone. â€Å"What are you looking at?† â€Å"Seth’s schedule. In three days, he’ll be in St. Louis.† â€Å"Hmm,† I said. â€Å"In four, he’ll be in San Francisco.† â€Å"That’s close,† I said. â€Å"Relatively.† â€Å"It’d give you an extra day in there to recover,† said Hugh. â€Å"An extra day, huh?† I teased. â€Å"What happened to not wasting a single day as a mortal?† â€Å"My point about not wasting time still stands,† said Hugh. He grinned. â€Å"But even I can be realistic. Take the extra day. You need it for the logistics of travel, if nothing else. But not a single day more.† â€Å"Get out and live life, huh?† â€Å"If you’re up for it.† I thought about his words, thought about Seth. I nodded, not caring whether hopping on a plane right after being discharged was crazy. I was human now. Crazy was in the job description. â€Å"I’m up for it,† I said. â€Å"Book me a flight to San Francisco.† Hugh’s attention was on his phone again. â€Å"Sweetie, I already am.† How to cite Succubus Revealed Chapter 21, Essay examples

The reality of American dream

Abstract In the early 1900s, most of the labor unions within the American Federation of Labor did not like immigrant. Therefore, they worked towards discouraging immigration. This ensured that they implemented and adopted strict immigration policies and resolutions.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The reality of American dream specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The rise in unemployment forced the US government to suspend immigration for about five years even though there were still certain exceptions. Individuals immigrated to the US in search for a better life in the post independence period. Some were from Germany, France, Italy, Greece and the Netherlands. The influx of the large number of immigrants made the living condition hard for some immigrant as they struggled to make ends meet (Gabaccia, 7). Introduction Between 1900 and 1920, the American Congress established system that allowed migrants from d ifferent ethnic groups to live in the United States. Some groups such as the Asian population were not included in this system. The government encouraged the immigration of the population whose labor and skills were required in the United States. In the mid 1920s, the government adopted border controls. This was meant to scrutinize migration of individual from Canada and Mexico due to security concerns. Immigration dropped significantly between 1925 and 1945. Therefore, the US government allowed immigrants who were displaced after the WWII. This was after the US revised its immigration policy. In 1952, the government enacted a bill that gave the populations from every ethnic group a chance to enter the US. In 1965, a relative need system was adopted to allow entrance for family members for labor and political asylum reasons. As a result, illegal immigration was experienced. The government through the congress implemented legislation that allowed persons that facilitated illegal migr ation to be punished. In 1990, the Congress voted against the limitation of entrance against certain groups based on ideologies, beliefs and associations. It was also concluded that lawful immigration was to increase by 40% every year. By 1996, the border security between the United States and Latin America was reinforced to deal with illegal immigration. Fences were added in boarder areas with heavy traffic, and severe punishments for aiding or harboring illegal migrants were put in place. Sinclair Upton indicates how most of the immigrant faced difficult living conditions in his book, The Jungle. Life was not easy for most immigrants. Some employers offered low wages on very hazardous conditions. The housing in the urban was overcrowded with very unsanitary conditions, and some of the immigrants did not accept the conditions (Sinclair, 23). One Italian old said:Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I came to America because I heard that the streets were paved with Gold. When I got here, I found out three things: first, the streets were not paved with gold; second, they were not paved at all; and third, I was expected to pave them (Parker, 15). Although the streets were harsh, only a few gave up and returned home. Findings The memory of the migrant workers is best seen on the images dust bowl migrants in John Steinbeck’s best selling books, The Grapes Of Wrath. The book is dominated by the immigrant labor status during the Great Depression era. Migrant workers travelled to the country way long before the beginning of the depression era and continued to do so after the depression. In the late 1930s, there was a significant inflow of immigrant population in the US. The immigrants were looking for jobs in the US. The immigrants who worked in California were displaced by the dust ball migrants. Migrant workers were common along the west coast. For instance , those who came from Mexico were employed on the plantations. The Blacks from the southern states and some whites were employed in the coastal region of the Atlantic. This was in the difficult Florida’s Everglades winter months and the northern states during the summer. At the beginning of the 1920s, the great depression the working conditions for workers in the agricultural nations worsened the workers already difficult situations and even farmers were faced with very difficult times. Farmers experienced loss in good pricing for crops, increased taxes, and increased debts (Koven and Götzke, 57). As a result, farmers were forced to make choices on how to limit costs and reduction on the cost of wages was one of such options they made. The result was that workers were not able to find well paying jobs and the conditions became extremely bad. Wages fell in every part of the nation including in the sugar beets of Colorado and California. Migrants in Texas obtained wages of between $275 and $ 500 that was hundreds of dollars way much below what was offered initially. They merely survived. Apart from the low wages, workers lived under bad living conditions as some farm workers were sheltered in shanties, shacks, chicken coops, barns, and portable wagons. In fact, some even lived in the open fields such as the workers living in the undesignated camps. They got separated from the communities and were considered as outcasts. The racial immigrants were not accepted by the local communities and thus were discriminated (Koven and Götzke, 61).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The reality of American dream specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The governmental legislation and programs did not recognize immigrant workers. For this reason, they struggled to find deals that could address their financial and socioeconomic needs. A historian called Cindy Hahamovitch stated that the worker s were considered as stateless (Hahamovitch, 23). They were treated differently from the workers that joined organized unions to bargain as a union. They were also not recognized by the 1935 National Industrial Labor Act that covered the agricultural workers. Later on in 1938, the Congress passed a Fair Labor Standards Act that regulated the workers’ wages. This legislation exempted the agricultural workers. The rural Americans used different ideologies that prevented them from benefiting from legislation that could protect them. Even the legislations that were passed later to address the problems of the rural America failed to protect the migrant workers. Even the Agricultural Adjustment Act worsened their situations as many immigrants lost their jobs when the crop yield plunged (Gabaccia, 39). The use of the machinery by farmers also contributed to job losses for the immigrants as less manual labor was required. The establishment of the resettlement administration may have been the only way that benefited them. It was later called farm security administration that ensured that workers were housed. School, laundry, health and adult education initiatives were established. The resettlement must have released the immigrant workers, but they were still facing a battle of racism from both private and public agencies. These agencies maintained a low and vulnerable workforce. The Mexican and the Mexican American were most affected especially during the great depression as most of them got banned from public projects. They were blamed for the depression that resulted in most of them being deported back to Mexico. This was facilitated by the relief charities and the municipal movements (Gabaccia, 47). Results Even with exclusion from the national relations labor act thousands of the migrant workers joined unions and participated in strikes for better wages and improved living conditions. The number of unions and strikes increased. Stuart Jamieson said that, in 1932, he witnessed ten strikes involving about 3200 workers.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He went on and mentioned that the following year over 56,000 workers in 17 different states participated in at least sixty one strikes. Several unions represented the agriculture workers by 1935. The Midwest and the east experienced many strikes than other parts of the US like California. Although immigrant workers were discriminated and considered as outcasts and discriminated, they were always motivated to make new deals and push forces to better their own situations (Blegen and Commager, 32). Conclusion Still, there are immigrants workers in the United States than the number in the early 1900. The working condition of legal immigrants has improved with time. The United States is one of the most targeted destinations for immigrants from any part of the world more than any other country in the world. The early immigrants used the unions to fight for their rights. Today, legal migrants are protected by the law just as the United States citizens. Therefore, the working conditions are quite favorable. Therefore, the nation is attracting immigrants from the neighboring countries especially from Mexico. Thus, the country has the capacity to monitor its borders to control cross border movement and ensure the general security of the country. Works Cited Blegen, Theodore C, and Henry S. Commager. Immigration and American History: Essays in Honor of Theodore C. Blegen. Minneapolis: Minnesota U.P, 1961. Print. Gabaccia, Donna R. Immigration and American Diversity: A Social and Cultural History. Malden, Mass. [u.a.: Blackwell, 2002. Print. Hahamovitch, Cindy. The Fruits of Their Labor: Atlantic Coast Farmworkers and the Making of Migrant Poverty, 1870-1945. Chapel Hill [u.a.: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1997. Print. Koven, Steven G, and Frank Götzke. American Immigration Policy: Confronting the Nation’s Challenges. New York: Springer, 2010. Print. Parker, Lewis K. Why Italian Immigrants Came to America. New York: PowerKids Press, 2003. Print. Sinclair, Upt on. The Jungle. United States: Filiquarian Pub, 2008. Print. This research paper on The reality of American dream was written and submitted by user Retr0G1rl to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Asian Americans And Schizophrenia Social Work Essay Essays

Asian Americans And Schizophrenia Social Work Essay Essays Asian Americans And Schizophrenia Social Work Essay Essay Asian Americans And Schizophrenia Social Work Essay Essay Soon, I work at Community Care Center handling badly mentally sick patients. A new patient of mine includes an older gentleman, named John Doe, who suffers from Schizophrenia, Paranoid type. Mr. Doe is 31 old ages old and considers himself Chinese American. Harmonizing to his charts, Mr. Doe s symptoms began in his early 20 s. Mr. Doe s symptoms include audile hallucinations and psychotic beliefs and his head ailment is that others are seeking to harm him. His intelligence is mean and Mr. Doe is insightful about his status. Harmonizing to Mr. Doe, he emigrated to the U.S. , along with his female parent and sister, during his late adolescence. He states that his male parent passed off from malignant neoplastic disease when Mr. Doe was 11. Mr. Doe s household came to the U.S. in chase of a better, more successful life than the 1 they had in China. He states that he has an 11th class instruction degree and a history of multiple hospitalizations. Mr. Doe states he did non obtain employment after high school since all his clip was spent in a tagging crew. He states he was arrested when the constabulary caught him spray painting behind a supermarket and speaking to himself. Mr. Doe denies any mental unwellness in his household, denies any substance and/or intoxicant maltreatment, and denies any sexual and/or physical maltreatment. I have merely been working with Mr. Doe for a twosome of hebdomads but in order to hold a more enriching curative experience, every bit good as larn how to modify our therapy Sessionss so they are most good for him, I need to go more culturally competent of the Chinese civilization, particularly with regard to how they view mental unwellness. In this paper, I will discourse the jobs and symptoms of Schizophrenia as viewed by the Chinese civilization, socialization, help-seeking behaviours, and discourse intervention considerations. Issues that Effect Treatment Schizophrenia: Problems and Symptoms There are different positions of schizophrenic disorder within different civilizations. The Western hallmark symptoms ( i.e. , agitation, break in societal map, hallucinations, and psychotic beliefs ) of schizophrenic disorder are non similar to what Asiatic households view as being most critical. Family award is of primary importance to Nipponese households ( Lin A ; Lin, 1980 ) . Furthermore, mental unwellness is viewed as diverting from the norm and is viewed as a dishonour to the household. Therefore, in order to protect the household s repute, Asiatic households make great attempts to hide and deny the mental unwellness from others. For Chinese households, holding a household member with mental unwellness carries shame upon the full household ( 1980 ) . Besides, holding a household member with mental unwellness creates jobs with respects to get married off a kid. The significance of the household s repute in matrimony may affect maintaining the mental unwellness a secret in ord er to transport on the household name ( 1980 ) . Delusions and audile hallucinations are recognized otherwise by Asiatic households. Alternatively of fixating on the phantasy of audile hallucinations, Asiatic households may warrant the audile hallucinations as their ascendants taking control and pass oning for the household. Lin and Lin ( 1980 ) illustrated a culture-bound syndrome called hsieh-ping, where a household member undergoes ocular and audile hallucinations, connects with an ascendant for up to many hours, and emulates the dead ascendant s behaviour. Furthermore, psychotic beliefs may be accepted by household members when the psychotic beliefs are conveyed as a concern over an infection. Westermeyer, Lytoung, Wahmenholm, and Westermeyer ( 1989 ) illustrated many instance studies in which Hmong households approved a household member s psychotic beliefs of infection from genital disease or parasites. It is important to indicate out that several Asiatic households may O.K. instead than contend psychotic symptoms. However, the Khmer will perchance insulate the person who is enduring from mental unwellness out of fright of spirit ownership ( Rangaraj, 1980 ) . Socialization Asiatic Americans are comprised of a really assorted group with over two twelve different cultural groups and significant differences in linguistic communication, economic position, instruction, in-migration position, coevals, length of abode in the United States, and proficiency in English ( Rhee, 2009 ) . As a consequence, it is hard to do generalisations about the experiences, patterns, values, and mental wellness of Asiatic Americans as if either represents a standard group. The values of any Asiatic household are regulated by their degrees of socialization. Socialization refers to the procedure of accommodating the norms of the dominant civilization ( Kim, 2007, p. 143 ) . Socialization is regulated by a figure of factors including in-migration history, economic position, educational position, household makeup, and gender. Presently, it is hypothesized that freshly immigrated Asiatic Americans will continue more traditional Asiatic cultural norms than those whose households ma y hold immigrated several old ages ago ( Kim, 2007 ) . The behavioural dimensions of socialization are observed in engagement in cultural events and linguistic communication use, while the value magnitudes of socialization include beliefs about human nature, clip orientation, and relational forms ( Kim, Ahn, A ; Lam, 2009 ) . Researchers hypothesize that persons who are biculturally competent ( i.e. , those capable of run intoing the demands of autochthonal and dominant civilizations ( Kim, 2007, p. 143 ) ) may expose superior psychological wellness than others who are non biculturally competent. Some issues encountered as a effect of in-migration, include psychological effects and ineluctable stressors. Within a household, different members of the household will acculturate at different phases. The different rates of socialization between kids and their parents can do struggles between parents and their kids ( Kim, Ahn, A ; Lam, 2009 ) . Asiatic American parents tend to obey traditional Asiatic values more strongly than their kids. Such value differences will impact both kids s and parents attitudes and determinations. Several Asiatic Americans in the U.S. have limited proficiency in the English linguistic communication ( Carrasco A ; Weiss, 2005 ) . For case, in 2000, there were over 4 million Asiatic American and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. who had Limited English Proficiency ( LEP ) , defined as persons who do non talk English really good ( Carrasco A ; Weiss, 2005, p. 8 ) . In add-on, linguistic communication ability and penchant besides affect socialization degrees. As with many immigrant kids, they may necessitate to go linguistic communication translators for their parents who are less able to understand and talk the English linguistic communication. As a consequence, this new function may show a new challenge amongst the Asiatic household since the parent may experience as if they lost some power and/or authorization ( 2005 ) . In add-on, due to different degrees of socialization, household members may hold different conceptualisations of get bying attitudes, mental wellness and unw ellness, intervention, and intervention ends ( Chun A ; Akutsu, 2009 ) . Additionally, acculturational emphasis ( i.e. , linguistic communication barriers, racism, and lowered societal position ( Kim, 2007 ) ) is a psychological effect that can perchance go on in the class of in-migration. Several Asiatic immigrants undergo many troubles upon coming to the U.S, which may include isolation, confronting a linguistic communication barrier, bead in societal position, migratory wretchedness, rawness with Western patterns, limited societal support, and inability to prosecute in common societal activities ( Rhee, 2009 ) . Acculturational emphasis intensifies a sense of hopelessness and besides may do feelings of anxiousness, disaffection, depression, individuality confusion, and enhanced psychosomatic symptoms ( Kim, 2007 ) . Acculturational emphasis is an of import impression to include when sing the Asiatic household due to the tenseness placed on the household. Keeping in head that there are differing socialization degrees with a household, a practician handling a household that is looking for professional aid demands to give their clip into constructing resonance with the household ( i.e. , prosecuting the determination shaper in the household sing intervention, and making out to widen household members ( Lee, 1997a ) ) . Since socialization degree affects communicating manner, the significance of altering socialization degrees within a household become pertinent upon first contact with the household or a household member. With Chinese American households, holding formality and a degree of interpersonal grace ( Lee, 1997a, p. 66 ) are critical for bring forthing a positive working relationship. Additionally, socialization degree will act upon the comfort degree a household member has with regard to changing degrees of oculus contact. In more traditional households, staring is considered ill-mannered and inappropriate ( Lee, 1997b ) . A lternatively, gentle oculus contact that moves off from the individual who is talking is preferred ( 1997b, p. 488 ) . Using non-blaming linguistic communication or hedging direct confrontation are two ways that may better communicating with less acculturated household members ( Lee, 1997a ) . Acculturation degree is non merely of import to see during rapport-building, but socialization degree is besides of import to see during the assessment procedure ( Kinoshita A ; Hsu, 2007 ) . Early appraisal of the Asiatic American household s degree of socialization offers a footing that can direct the practician s thought procedure ( 2007 ) . Specific instruments have been developed to mensurate socialization for Asiatic populations ( 2007 ) . Measures measuring loss of face, cultural values, cultural individuality, and socialization can besides be utile as such constructs are frequently linked to the patient s socialization degree. Help-Seeking Behaviors The help-seeking behaviour of Asiatic Americans can be explained as a procedure: initial denial, attempts of hiding the unwellness within the household and extended household or community, usage of traditional healing methods, recommendation to a doctor, loath attempts to use hospitalization or psychiatric interventions, and rejection of the affected household member ( Lin A ; Lin, 1980 ) . Harmonizing to Cheung ( 1987 ) , one time the issue is accepted, Asiatic households exhibit three different forms for get bying with mental unwellness. Asiatic households who view psychosis as being strictly psychological are more prone to prorogue seeking outside aid. However, Asiatic households who view psychosis as being strictly bodily, or both psychological and bodily, are more prone to seeking outside aid. Furthermore, Asiatic households who view psychosis as being strictly bodily are more prone to seeking practicians of traditional medical specialty. Therefore, depending on the form of get bying, mental wellness audience can be postponed by months or even old ages. Aid seeking pattern behaviours can be modified by socialization. For case, people in Japan consult common people therapists, whereas Nipponese Americans do non normally consult folk therapists ( Fujii et al. , 1993 ) . Nipponese subjects raised near urban countries may be increasingly westernized around aid seeking, but in the rural countries Nipponese subjects first seek exterior aid ( i.e. , priest and herbal medical specialties ) . Consulting a head-shrinker is still viewed as a last hope. Furthermore, Nipponese patients and their households are non likely to inquiry upon the doctor s decisions ( McDonald-Scott et al. , 1992 ) . Aid seeking by Asians can hold unexpected consequences. Harmonizing to Lin, Tardiff, Donetz, and Goresky ( 1978 ) , Chinese immigrant households in Canada displayed help-seeking behaviour illustrated by relentless efforts to undertake the issue of mental unwellness within the household puting. Consequences of the survey indicated that the household pursued medical attending merely when the household puting proved uneffective. Treatment Considerations To successfully handle and measure Asiatic patients with schizophrenic disorder, I must foremost see my patients in the context of their relationships with their society and more significantly, their household. Treatment of an Asiatic patient enduring from schizophrenic disorder must basically include consideration of the household s attitudes toward schizophrenic disorder and the household s concern over their repute within their society. In working with Asiatic schizophrenic patients, it is equivalent that I understand how the mental unwellness is regarded by the household, the Asiatic society, and the patient. By understanding these positions, my curative confederation with my patient will be established. Acknowledging what causes these jobs, what the household characterizes as jobs, and how the household discusses and seeks service for these issues are all critical affairs in making a curative confederation to ease a culturally sensitive psychiatric intervention and appraisal.

Free sample - The Battle of Algiers Movie Review. translation missing

The Battle of Algiers Movie Review. The Battle of Algiers Movie ReviewThesis Statement of Purpose: Verbatim report of research assignment. The Battle of Algiers: Movie Review Description of the movie The Battle of Algiers is a classic 1965 year movie based on the events of the Algerian War (1954-1962) and filmed by the Italian filmmaker Gillo Pontecorvo by the sketchy screenplay written by the former Algerian political leader Saadi Yasef with a script co-written by Franco Solinas, the Italian writer. In the original movie version there was a disclaimer: â€Å"Not one foot of newsreel or documentary film has been used.†(Johnson), however, the movie has a perfectly documentary nature. It was made black white to increase the viewer’s impression of facing the reality and not the choreographically set scenes. The movie was filmed in the natural sceneries of Algiers of 1965 and most of the cast were chosen from the non-professional Algerians picked up for their typical appearance and emotional effect. The language of the film is French and Arabic, and its latest release with English soundtrack and English subtitles was issued by Criterion Collection in a 3-disc DVD set, including interviews with the members of FLN and the discussion of Battle of Algiers's depiction of terrorism and guerilla realities by the USA counter-terrorism advisors and film directors. Exposition The movie opens with the scene of French soldiers brutally torturing an aged Algerian man and finally forcing him to agree to show them the location of Ali la Puente , the last alive member of the General Staff of FLN, the rebellion movement they are determined to destroy. The tormented man is trembling of pain and shame; the tears are running down on his cheeks, suddenly he rushes to a window trying to escape, but the soldiers catch him and force to follow them. The next scene shows the occupation of the house where Ali la Puente found refuge, soldiers drive out men and women to the hall, and the tortured traitor, dressed in the French military uniform, shows the place where La Puente is hiding with three of his companions-in-arms, one of who is a teenage boy. French soldiers are convincing them to surrender, but they stay silent and are waiting for death. The camera shows their faces – a very young man, a woman with a dark and resolute face, a boy and finally Ali la Puente himself, his eyed flashing with rage and bitter contempt. In this moment the vision becomes blurred and the film retraces to the past of the Algerian revolution and history of FLN formation, showing the viewer some random realities of treatment of Arabs by pied noirs: several French young men trip running Ali just for having fun of seeing him to fall, of French commissar provoking FLN activists by setting a bomb in one of the sleeping quarters, pied noirs enraged a fter the explosion attacking a small Arab child in a street and so on. Characters The Battle of Algiers is based on true events; nevertheless, there are used composite characters together with those depicting historical personalities. One of these composite characters is â€Å"Colonel Philippe Mathieu†, commanding the 10th Airborne Division that arrived to Algiers on the 10th of January, 1957 to organize the fight against rebel activity. He participated in campaigns in Italy and Normandy, was a member of an anti-Nazi resistance movement, and took part in the Indochina war. This character is a composite of several French officers, especially Jacques Massu and Marcel Bigeard (Maxey). This character is played by the only French actor in the cast, Jean Martin, who, ironically, was fired from the French theatre for signing a manifesto against Algerian war. Colonel Mathieu seems to be a decent soldier who is performing his duty (â€Å"We are soldiers, our duty is to win†), dissecting a problem into structural parts and trying to solve it in the most ration al way, isolating and destroying the active minority of rebellious Arabs. Though disliking the police aspect of fight against the revolution, he introduces the measures of total investigation and â€Å"exhausting† interrogations, that is to say, tortures. He states that the success is in the result if these methods. The FLN members are allowed to disclose the secret data only in 24 hours after arrest, which enables FLN to make any data irrelevant by this time. That is why the soldiers have to use other methods than common civil law procedures. Colonel Mathieu, though elegant and noble, seems to be a person who cut off his human qualities and turned into an icy machine to perform his duty.   The key character of the movie is Ali La Puente, one of the leaders of FLN, played by Brahim Haggiag, an illiterate Algerian selected for his character heroic appearance of a strong and passionate personality, and several times in the movie an accent is made on his eyes. Ali La Puente was imprisoned several times for minor crimes and vandalism, and upon his release was recruited by FLN. To ensure that he was not a spy or a traitor, he was ordered to assassinate a French policeman. In the recollections of Saadi Yasef (a prototype and a performer of the role of Jaffar) Ali La Puente appears a person of extraordinary courage, but also precise, practical and just. â€Å"After each of †¦ actions he was conscious of having carried out a doubly useful task. In fact, on one hand he eliminated a slyly effective enemy of the organization; on the other he increasingly liberated the inhabitants of the Casbah - they who were also daily victims of the often brutal conduct of these auxiliari es of the police - from fear†. (History of Algerian Independence).   Ali is a personification of thousands Muslim people crying for liberty and rights, in his eyes there is the unforgettable sharp feeling of rage and suffer, here he is truly a hero of his time.   Another prominent character of the movie is El-Hadi Jaffar, also the member of the FLN General Staff. This is a fictional character, based on the personality of Saadi Yasef, who himself also performed this role in the movie. Jaffar is presented as an intellectual inspirer and tactic organizer of all rebellious actions, including the 8-day strike in Casbah. The real Saadi Yasef was an organizer of the military wing of the Algeria National Front (Roth) and he physically conducted and led all the events that are depicted in the movie. The Battle of Algiers is based on his notes that he wrote on an envelope when he was imprisoned and spent five years in jail. (Roth). Saadi Yasef states that under those circumstances there was no another way either for French soldiers than to imply tortures, and no way for Algiers population than to react by violence to violence. Besides, french tortures caused in massive recruitment of Algerian people, which produced a strong impact to the destabilizatio n of France. Larbi Ben M’Hidi, who is now considered a National Hero in Algeria, is also an important character in the movie. He was a prominent Algerian leader, one of the headquarters of FLN, and was captured, tortured and executed by the French paratroopers in 1957. In The Battle of Algiers he is depicted as a strong personality, a political and war leader, possessing invincible will and charisma. In the scene of the press conference with Ben M’Hidi in the 4th of March, 1957, he behaves with a sense of incredible dignity and is even able to make bitter jokes, which surely causes respect towards the moral fiber and courage of this man, so strongly devoted to his ideals and his people. In the ranks of the Algerian revolutionaries there were women as well as men. In the movie veiled Muslim women hide in their wicker baskets guns for the assassinators performing hit-and-run attacks on policemen and soldiers. One of the strongest scenes on the film is the scene where three women, Djamila, Zohra, and Hassiba (one of those who joined in death to Ali La Puente), change their traditional clothes concealing all the face and body according to the Muslim laws and religion to the European skirts and blouses and even flippant trousers to pass French checkpoints unsearched, carrying bombs. One of these women even cuts her long black hair and dyes it light, another takes her son with her. They leave their handbags with bombs in a cafe, full of people, in a bar, where dozens of young people are drinking and dancing, and in the office of Air France. They see people - all civilian, practically innocent people - passengers awaiting their planes, aged people drinking coffee and talki ng, teenagers dancing, a diffident boy who is afraid to invite a girl to dance, and - as a culmination - a small child licking ice-cream - all this to be blown up in several minutes. One can only guess what might these three women feel - but nevertheless, they leave the bombs and go away, and there are dozens of victims, and blood, and fear. Petit Omar is a small hero of the Algerian War, a street urchin and a FLN messenger, who then becomes one of the most devoted fellow-soldiers of Ali La Puente and is executed by the French soldiers together with him. He is probably an embodiment of all Muslim children of Algiers of that time, maybe not understanding political motives and reasons, but strong in their hate to the enemy who killed their loved ones, and that is why devoted to the cause of the revolution. Analysis of the movie Plot Lines and Themes The film, subsidized by Algerian government, was originally intended as a part of propaganda for anti-colonialism. In 1965, the time of the movie filming, the Algerian War was still fresh for pubic, as Algerian independence was proclaimed only three years ago, in 1962, after 8 years of struggle. The movie that began as a sketchy screenplay written by Saadi Yasef in prison nowadays became one of the so-called training films for Pentagon officers for them to understand the regularities and rules of partisan war and ways of struggle against world terrorism. However, Saadi Yasef himself in his interview to Diplomatic License states that â€Å"the style, the urban guerilla style, the Chinese style, the Latin American style, South American style, did not have the same human elements, geographic elements or social elements. There is nothing comparable. So Algeria really has nothing in common with all of that†. (Roth). To make the events of the Battle of Algiers more personal and to create a single plot line, the creators of the movie concentrate the attention on Ali La Puente as the personification of the rebellious spirit, and partially the story is told as witnessed by his eyes. The camera focused on his face, as if carved out of stone, and his short biography of an ordinary street criminal is told, but nevertheless it is clearly felt that he is deemed to play the great role in the story of Algerian revolution.   After the stories of Ali La Puente, Jaffar, Larbi Ben M’Hidi and three women who carried bombs, another subtle plot line is a story of a young Algerian couple, both of them belonging to FLN. The scene of their wedding ceremony comes shortly after the scene of Algerian children kicking and mocking the alcoholic, as due to FLN propaganda alcoholism, prostitution and selling drugs in Casbah were considered illegal and such that undermine health and fighting capability of Algerians. The wedding ceremony is conducted by Larbi Ben M’Hidi himself and the marriage is registered by FLN. The bride, Fatiha, is very young, almost a girl, and so young is her chosen one, Mahmud. He will be one of those who will join Ali La Puente in death, blown up in their hiding place. There is a short prayer, the newly married sign their names, and then - another prayer, the voices of many people standing not only in the room where the marriage took place, but also in the yard, on the roofs of hou ses, join into a rhythmic choir, This prayer flows over the dirty and ragged walls of Casbah to the lighted streets and rich white houses of the European quarters. Despite its seeming simplicity, it is a very strong scene, showing the viewer the connection between FLN and civilian people of Algiers, unanimously determined to win their freedom and their right for own culture and religion.  Ã‚   Propaganda and Tortures Constant attacks on policemen and police stations keep French population of Algiers in terror. The Government is trying to introduce measures to control terrorism, such as reporting about people with gunshot wounds in hospitals and blocking entrances to the Muslim quarters of city at night and installing there police checkpoints in the daytime. Then women start carrying guns under their veils, guns can be hidden in the fruit baskets and can appear in a hand of an Algerian teenager. Yes, this is terrorism, but after the explosion of the bomb set in a Casbah sleeping quarter by French, when a viewer sees Algerian man carrying the mutilated bodies of children out of the ruined house, the crying and screaming women searching for their loved ones in the ruins, after that it is easier to apprehend the motives of FLN members setting bombs in public places. Either in guerilla or in civil war propaganda is one of the most effective ways of influence on the society and public opinion. As The Battle of Algiers is a reconstruction of the real events, this movie can be chosen as an example of such influence. Really, propagandistic appeals to the Muslim population of Algiers sounding from the megaphones in the casbah streets are a part of the natural background of these years’ city life. Such appeals have destructive strength that is hard to exaggerate, because they are intruding into thoughts of each single person, changing opinion and causing doubt in what they used to believe, especially if such propagandistic appeals were competently composed. French radio emissions in casbah contain nothing except lists of names of those who were recently arrested and killed, but considering the structure of FLN, it could be one of the best ways to convince people that hear familiar names of that the organization is on its last legs and to persuad e them to collaborate with police. One can never say now how well this worked; taking in account that fact that the police still had to imply the most severe tortures to force the arrested to disclose their fellow-soldiers. Later appeals become more persuading and non-compromising, directly stating that FLN is disorganized and the battle is lost, and convincing Muslim citizens to step under the protection of French army. In the movie these words sound in the background of frightening scenes of Algerian people standing with their faces to the walls and searched by the policemen, dead bodies lying in the streets and – there is a tear-stained Muslim child, watching a soldier to search a killed man. Propaganda can work only if it is supported by real actions, at least partially, but never if it fully contradicts the reality. Besides, people are always more likely to believe propaganda that corresponds their convictions and that is issued by someone from their own side. The strong scene of the movie is when Petit Omar steals a microphone from a police officer in the checkpoint on the 6th day of the strike. The officer was reading the text stating that FLN impedes normal prosperous life of casbah people and that France is their real motherland, all this in the background of Algerian women searching their probably arrested or killed sons and husbands in the rows of men coming back from work in the European quarters. No one believes this French propaganda, no one listens to it. But then Omar steals the microphone, and his ardent appeal to his compatriots sounds above the rows of the exhausted and despaired people – an appeal to resist and to believe in their future freedom, and this is met by the immediate furious support of people, a frightening scream of women, sending shivers down the spine, and this can not be stopped by fear of guns and arrest. This proves once more that propaganda, despite its obvious effectiveness, can not work well if it meets st rong resistance of the antagonizing population. Tortures are another important theme and problem of the movie. On the part of the French headquarters, the use of tortures seems to be justified by the necessity to get information from the arrested members of FLN as quick as possible, taking in account that fact that the police can not linger and use common methods of civil investigation while bombs are exploding in the city quarters and dozens of victims die every day. And they implied burning hot iron, waterboarding, hanging people upside down and electric shocks, and for sure, they got information, figuring out members of FLN and defining its structure. After the series of such "investigations" (Webber, Chapter 3), FLN headquarters were forced to leave the capital, and this was the first victory of France. But there was also the opposite result: these tortures completely destroyed the image of France as a democratic country and caused massive voluntary recruitment of Algerians to the ranks of FLN. Saadi Yasef says in his interview to Diplomatic License:   â€Å"I don't see how the French Army could have acted in any other way under the circumstances. We simply had to accept this fact of torture [†¦.] Automatically there was a massive recruitment as a result [†¦]. When you killed someone, 10 more recruits flocked to our side. So we needed this kind of torture, this brutality, to destabilize France, eliminate the 4th Republic, and everything else involved in terms of brutality and cruelty†(Roth). Implying tortures also caused great scandal in French society, which is almost not shown in the movie. Several brochures of the re-called reservists in Algeria were published generally in 1957, disclosing for the French public the real nature of Algerian conflict, despite the veil of secrecy and censorship. The publications in journals and newspapers involved intellectuals that soon formed networks fighting against human rights violations. The significant example of the mood of certain spheres of French society could be a phrase of the anti-colonialist historian Robert Bonnaud: "If France's honor can go along with these acts of torture, then France is a country without honor."(Webber, Chapter 3). Sometimes while watching a movie a question may appear: is the Algerian independence worth all this? Algeria had been a French colony for 130 years by that moment, so was there a reason to start a revolution? This paper is not dedicated to the reasons of Algerian War, but here is just a logical remark: people do not start rebellious actions if they have economic and cultural freedom. The obtrusive politics of France and nationalistic behavior of â€Å"pied noirs† caused indignation and insurrection, and probably there was no another way to solve the conflict except guerilla. The movie was filmed with an attempt to show the events from the neutral point of view. In fact, in such a movie there can not be any neutrality. There are two parties fighting against each other, each applying methods that have nothing in common with humanity and morality. In fact, there is no difference, whose children – French or Algerian - are pulled out of the ruins; there is no difference, with whose blood the stones of the city streets are soaked. The thing is in that any violence has its subsequences, either fear and submission, or resistance and even stronger violence, and this second effect we actually see in the events of Algerian war. Glossary of Key Terms Algerian War - a conflict between France and Algerian independence movements from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria gaining its independence from France. Casbah - specifically the citadel of Algiers in Algeria and the traditional quarter clustered around it. FLN (transliterated: Jabhat at-Ta?rir al-Watani, French: Front de Libà ©ration Nationale, hence FLN)   -   a socialist political party in Algeria. It was set up on November 1, 1954 as a merger of other smaller groups, to obtain independence for Algeria from France. Guerilla - a form of irregular warfare and refers to conflicts in which a small group of combatants including, but not limited to, armed civilians (or "irregulars") use military tactics, like ambushes, sabotage, raids, the element of surprise, and extraordinary mobility to harass a larger and less-mobile traditional army, or strike a vulnerable target, and withdraw almost immediately. Paratroopers - soldiers trained in parachuting and generally operate as part of an airborne force. Pieds-Noirs - a term used to refer to colonists of French Algeria until the Algerian independence in 1962. Specifically, Pieds-Noirs were French nationals, including those of European descent, Sephardic Jews and settlers from other European countries such as Spain, Italy and Malta, who were born in Algeria. Propaganda - a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position. Appendix 1. Map of Algeria at the time of the war 2. Information about France and Algeria  Ã‚     Languages   Religions  Currency  France  French  Christian  Francs  Algeria  Arabic and French  Muslim  Francs   3. Algerian War Numbers: Casualties and Losses: Algeria: 153,000 dead, 160,000 wounded, 1,500,000 dead according to the Algerian government; France: 25,600 dead, 65,000 wounded.

Defense Principles in Murder and Manslaughter Cases Essay

Defense Principles in Murder and Manslaughter Cases - Essay Example The essay "Defense Principles in Murder and Manslaughter Cases" talks about the effectiveness operation of Hong Kong's criminal law in murder and manslaughter cases. However, not all unlawful killings amount to the crime. The criminal suspects will not be culpable if the Actus reus and Mens rea of the two capital offenses cannot be proved. Unintentional killing or killing that can be partially or completely excused does not amount murder but may amount to manslaughter. The defense must present their case within these parameters. Despite the similarity between the handling of murder and manslaughter cases in Hong Kong and England, there is a lack of consensus in the former’s application of Mens rea. This was evident in House of Lords A-G’s Reference (No. 3 of 1994) ([1998] AC 245). In the case, the defense resorted to provocation and diminishing responsibility. Provocation should be more clearly defined to shade more light on its use as a defense. Diminishing responsibility, on the other hand, can be entered in cases where a defendant carried out murder due to a natural abnormality in the mind. Insanity is an important, complete defense that often leads to acquittal or lesser sentencing of criminal suspects involved in a murder. Killings resulting from self-defense normally top the list of cases that are argued under complete defense. These have led many defendants to be acquitted of the murder charges they face. Other exceptional cases in which a â€Å"guilty mind† is not proved may attract complete defense.... Killings resulting from self-defence normally top the list of cases that are argued under complete defence9. These have led many defendants to be acquitted of the murder charges they face10. Other exceptional cases in which a â€Å"guilty mind† is not proved may attract complete defence:11 for example, a teacher who kills a child through corporal punishment under parental authority12. In such cases, the defence is the lack of â€Å"guilty mind,† regardless of the murder impact13. In view of this, Hong Kong’s Mens rea as defence should be repealed to weed out chances of a mind that is not guilty employing a lethal response to milder situations14. Medical practitioners can also cite double effect as defence against murder charges preferred against them for deaths caused in the line of duty15. By administering a poisonous pain reliever, for instance, the resulting patient’s death cannot be completely blamed on the doctor because the patient’s suffering may provoke such a remedy16. The law should be repealed to specify that only when the pain is chronic pain should a physician administer lethal painkillers and evade murder charges if his or her actions result in death. The law is clear on whether marital coercion can be an act of provocation or diminishing responsibility. This was witnessed in HKSAR v NANCY ANN KISSEL FACC No 2 of 2009 case, in which, the court overruled the defence on such grounds, arguing that alleged violence in marriage, and impending divorce fails to meet the test for diminishing responsibility. This test should be upheld, because some victims-turned-suspected murderers may have induced their abuse by their partner in some way17. Partial defences Murder cases are normally reduced to manslaughter through partial defence. The verdict on

Speech Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Speech Topic - Essay Example Hanson (2012) research explains that marijuana is a special drug that gives people the motivation to perform better. The drug has the power to boost the confidence of people and make them achieve their goals. So it acts as a good source of motivation for people who are generally shy or finding it hard to cope up at work place. The audience needs to be informed about this so that they know the wonders it can do to people in work place. Not only does it motivate people but it also makes them feel happy and contented with their life as researched by Steve (2011). The audience must be informed that marijuana does not harm any organ of the body in fact the drug has the ability to make cheer people up. The ancient Hindus used marijuana for the very purpose of cheering themselves and scientists believe that the drug contains ingredients that could make a person self-relieved and contented in pressure situations (Steve, 2011). To make a shift from informative to persuasive the speech has to be more convincing to persuade the audience in realizing that it is not only harmless but also useful to legalize marijuana. One way to do this is by giving evidence as suggested by Earleywine (2007). The cost of prohibiting marijuana alone mounts up to 8 billion US dollars each year. The government of the US has been unsuccessful in prohibiting its use and there is no record of the unnecessary money spent on it. If the government cannot stop the drug from entering the streets and consumer drug market then there is no point in placing restrictions and spending millions of dollars on it. It would be much better if people are left with the choice of consuming it as it would not only save government some fair amount of money but it would also give people their free right of choosing a product that is considered harmless when used intelligently. Furthermore it is also

Othello: Is its Enduring Universality Explainable Essay example -- Oth

Othello: Is its Enduring Universality Explainable?  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   The Shakespearean drama Othello is recognized by literary critics, with few exceptions, as having a universal appeal. What are the reasons for this universality?    The universality of the play perhaps depends on the universal appeal of its main characters, for example Iago the antagonist. In the essay â€Å"Wit and Witchcraft: an Approach to Othello† Robert B. Heilman explains the universality of the antagonist:    As the spiritual have-not, Iago is universal, that is, many things at once, and of many times at once. He is our contemporary, and the special instances of his temper and style – as distinct from the Iagoism to which all men are liable – will be clear to whoever is alert to Shakespeare’s abundant formulations. Seen in limited and stereotyped form, he is the villain of all melodrama. He is Elizabethan – as Envy or Machiavel. And to go further back still, we see in how many parts of Dante’s Inferno he might appear. He could be placed among the angry and violent. But his truer place is down among those who act in fraud and malice – the lowest category of sinner who on earth had least of spiritual substance and relied most on wit. (342)    To the modern audience the play’s biggest shortcoming may be the inability of the audience to relate to the protagonist. In the volume Shakespeare and Tragedy John Bayley explains why the modern audience has difficulty identifying with the protagonist in this play:    Othello’s need to kill Cassio and Desdemona belongs only to him; not only because we know it to be deluded, but because the nature and extent of the delusion is such that we cannot imagine ourselves becoming involved in it. We cannot ju... ... Heilman, Robert B. â€Å"The Role We Give Shakespeare.† Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965.    -- -- --.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Wit and Witchcraft: an Approach to Othello.† Shakespeare: Modern Essays in Criticism. Ed. Leonard F. Dean. Rev. Ed. Rpt. from The Sewanee Review, LXIV, 1 (Winter 1956), 1-4, 8-10; and Arizona Quarterly (Spring 1956), pp.5-16.       Levin, Harry. General Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Wilkie, Brian and James Hurt. â€Å"Shakespeare.† Literature of the Western World. Ed. Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992.   

Odysseus Is a Strong Leader

Odysseus is a strong leader. Odysseus is a strong leader shown by many characteristics. To prove he is a strong leader I will be using determined, intelligent and loyal characteristics. In the myth Scylla and Charybdis it proves Odysseus is determined. It shows he is determined because all though it was difficult to get through he still had faith that they could make it passed Scylla and Charybdis and get home. â€Å"Odysseus knew that they would all be dragged down if they got too close to Charybdis.So he sipped around her, always keeping her in view† gives evidence how determined he was to get passed them while knowing he could be risking not only his life but his men life. Determination makes him a strong leader because if he would’ve given up he would be a weak leader, and to be a strong leader you have to have faith and keep trying. The Sirens shows how Odysseus is an intelligent. This myth proves he is intelligent because he thinks of a plan for himself and his me n to get passed The Sirens without dying. Odysseus told his men about them and that the only way to pass them safely was for each man to stop his ears with wax† shows the plan Odysseus thought about before passing through. Intelligent makes him a strong leader because if he didn’t have plans he wouldn’t be able to come up with the plan to survive or to get home. In the myth Aiolos and the Bag of Wind proves how Odysseus is loyal to his men. It shows how though his men didn’t trust him he still stood with them and wanted to get home.The myth says â€Å"Aiolos helps by putting all the stormy winds into a bag so they will not harm Odysseus and his men or blow them off course. During the voyage, suspicious and curious sailors open the bag thinking it is treasure† clarifies the men did not trust Odysseus. Loyalty makes him a strong leader because people follow him and leaders don’t give up on their men when they know they don’t trust him. T hese three myths prove how Odysseus is a Strong leader throughout his adventures with his men. .

The Estates General and The French Revolution

In late 1788, Jacques Necker announced that the meeting of the Estates General would be brought forward to January 1, 1789 (in reality, it didnt meet until May 5th of that year). However, this edict neither defined the form the Estates General would take nor set out how it would be chosen. Afraid that the crown would take advantage of this to fix the Estates General and transform it into a servile body, the Parlement of Paris, in approving the edict, explicitly stated that the Estates General should take its form from the last time it was called: 1614. This meant the estates would meet in equal numbers, but separate chambers. Voting would be done separately, with each having a third of the vote. Bizarrely, no one who had called for the Estates General over the past years appears to have previously realized what soon became obvious: the 95% of the nation who comprised the third estate could be easily outvoted by a combination of the clergy and nobles, or 5% of the population. Recent events had set a very different voting precedent, as a provincial assembly which had been called in 1778 and 1787 had doubled the numbers of the third estate and another called in Dauphin had not only doubled the third estate but allowed for voting by head (one vote per member, not estate). However, the problem was now understood, and a clamor soon arose demanding the doubling of third estate numbers and voting by head, and the crown received over eight hundred different petitions, mainly from the bourgeois who had woken up to their potentially vital role in future government. Necker responded by recalling the Assembly of Notables to advise himself and the king on the various problems. It sat from November 6th until December 17th and protected the nobles interests by voting against doubling the third estate or voting by head. This was followed by the Estates General being postponed by a few months. The uproar only grew. On December 27th, in a document entitled Result of the Kings Council of State—the result of discussion between Necker and the king and contrary to the advice of the nobles—the crown announced that the third estate was indeed to be doubled. However, there was no decision on voting practices, which was left to the Estates General itself to decide. This was only ever going to cause a huge problem, and the result changed the course of Europe in a way the crown really, really wished they had been able to foresee and prevent. The fact that the crown allowed such a situation to arise is one of the reasons why they have been accused of being in a malaise as the world turned around them. The Third Estate Politicizes The debate over the size and voting rights of the third estate brought the Estates General to the forefront of conversation and thought, with writers and thinkers publishing a wide range of views. The most famous was Sieyà ¨s What is the Third Estate, which argued that there shouldn’t be any privileged groups in society and that the third estate should set themselves up as a national assembly immediately after meeting, with no input from the other estates. It was hugely influential, and in many ways set the agenda in a manner the crown did not. Terms like national and patriotism began to be used ever more frequently and became associated with the third estate. More importantly, this outburst of political thought caused a group of leaders to emerge from the third estate, organizing meetings, writing pamphlets, and generally politicizing the third estate across the nation. Chief among these were the bourgeois lawyers, educated men with an interest in the many laws involved. They realized, almost en masse, that they could start to reshape France if they took their chance, and they were determined to do so. Choosing the Estates To choose the estates, France was divided up into 234 constituencies. Each had an electoral assembly for the nobles and clergy while the third estate was voted on by every male taxpayer over twenty-five years of age. Each sent two delegates for the first and second estates and four for the third. In addition, every estate in every constituency was required to draw up a list of grievances, the cahiers de doleances. Every level of French society was thus involved in voting and vocalizing their many grievances against the state, drawing in people across the nation. Expectations were high. The election results provided the elites of France with many surprises. Over three-quarters of the first estate (the clergy) were parish priests rather than the previously dominant orders like bishops, less than half of which made it. Their cahiers called for higher stipends and access to the highest positions in the church. The second estate was no different, and the many courtiers and high-ranking nobles, who assumed they’d be automatically returned, lost out to lower level, much poorer men. Their cahiers reflected a very divided group, with only 40% calling for voting by order and some even calling for voting by head. The third estate, in contrast, proved to be a relatively united group, two-thirds of which were bourgeois lawyers. Estates General   The Estates General opened on May 5th. There was no guidance from the king or Necker on the key question of how the Estates General would vote; solving this was supposed to be the first decision they took. However, that had to wait until the very first task was finished: each estate had to verify the electoral returns of their respective order. The nobles did this immediately, but the third estate refused, believing that separate verification would inevitably lead to separate voting. The lawyers and their fellows were going to put their case forward from the very start. The clergy passed a vote which would have allowed them to verify but they delayed to seek a compromise with the third estate. Discussions between all three took place over the following weeks, but time passed and patience began to run out. People in the third estate began to talk about declaring themselves a national assembly and taking the law into their own hands. Critically for the history of the revolution, and while the first and second estates met behind closed doors, the third estate meeting had always been open to the public. The third estate deputies thus knew they could count on tremendous public support for the idea of acting unilaterally, as even those who didnt attend the meetings could read all about what happened in the many journals which rep orted it. On June 10th, with patience running out, Sieyà ¨s proposed that a final appeal should be sent to the nobles and clergy asking for a common verification. If there wasn’t one, then the third estate, now increasingly calling itself the Commons, would carry on without them. The motion passed, the other orders remained silent, and the third estate resolved to carry on regardless. The revolution had begun. National Assembly On June 13th, three parish priests from the first estate joined the third, and sixteen more followed in the next few days, the first breakdown between the old divisions. On June 17th, Sieyà ¨s proposed and had passed a motion for the third estate to now call itself a National Assembly. In the heat of the moment, another motion was proposed and passed, declaring all taxes illegal, but allowing them to continue until a new system was invented to replace them. In one quick motion, the National Assembly had gone from simply challenging the first and second estates to challenging the king and his sovereignty by making themselves responsible for the laws on tax. Having been sidelined with grief over the death of his son, the king now began to stir and the regions around Paris were reinforced with troops. On June 19th, six days after the first defections, the entire first estate voted to join the National Assembly. June 20th brought another milestone, as the National Assembly arrived to find the doors of their meeting place locked and soldiers guarding it, with notes of a Royal Session to occur on the 22nd. This action even outraged opponents of the National Assembly, members of which feared their dissolution was imminent. In the face of this, the National Assembly moved to a nearby tennis court where, surrounded by crowds, they took the famous Tennis Court Oath, swearing not to disperse until their business was done. On the 22nd, the Royal Session was delayed, but three noblemen joined the clergy in abandoning their own estate. The Royal Session, when it was held, wasnt the blatant attempt to crush the National Assembly which many had feared but instead saw the king present an imaginative series of reforms which would have been considered far-reaching a month before. However, the king still used veiled threats and referred to the three different estates, stressing they should obey him. The members of the National Assembly refused to leave the session hall unless it was at bayonet point and proceeded to retake the oath. In this decisive moment, a battle of wills between king and assembly, Louis XVI meekly agreed they could stay in the room. He broke first. In addition, Necker resigned. He was persuaded to resume his position shortly afterward, but the news spread and pandemonium broke out. More nobles left their estate and joined the assembly. With the first and second estates now clearly wavering and the support of the army in doubt, the king ordered the first and second estates to join the National Assembly. This triggered public displays of joy and the members of the National Assembly now felt they could settle down and write a new constitution for the nation; more had already happened than many dared to imagine. It was already a sweeping change, but the crown and public opinion would soon change these expectations beyond all imagining. The Storming of the Bastille and the End of Royal Power The excited crowds, fueled by weeks of debate and angered by rapidly rising grain prices did more than just celebrate: on June 30th, a mob of 4000 people rescued mutinous soldiers from their prison. Similar displays of popular opinion were matched by the crown bringing ever more troops into the area. National Assembly appeals to stop reinforcing were refused. Indeed, on July 11th, Necker was sacked and more martial men brought in to run the government. A public uproar followed. On the streets of Paris, there was a sense that another battle of wills between the crown and people had begun, and that it might turn into a physical conflict. When a crowd demonstrating in the Tuileries gardens was attacked by cavalry ordered to clear the area, the longstanding predictions of military action seemed to be coming true. The population of Paris began to arm itself in response and retaliated by attacking toll gates. The next morning, the crowds went after arms but found stacks of stored grain too; looting began in earnest. On July 14th, they attacked the military hospital of the Invalides and found ​cannon. This ever-growing success led the crowd to the Bastille, the great-prison fortress and dominant symbol of the old regime, in search of the gunpowder stored there. At first, the Bastille refused to surrender and people were killed in the fighting, but rebel soldiers arrived with the cannon from the Invalides and forced the Bastille to submit. The great fortress was stormed and looted, the man in charge lynched.​ The storming of the Bastille demonstrated to the king that he couldn’t rely on his soldiers, some of whom had already defected. He had no way of enforcing royal power and conceded, ordering the units around Paris to withdraw rather than try and start a fight. Royal power was at an end and sovereignty had passed to the National Assembly. Crucially for the future of the Revolution, the people of Paris now saw themselves as the saviors and defenders of the National Assembly. They were the guardians of the revolution.